Is it permissible to take medications and vitamins that contain gelatin of an unclarified source, and is it possible to dispose of the capsule and only take the powder inside it?

Gelatin: If it is taken from an animal that has been ritually slaughtered (dhabihah) and is permissible (halal), then there is no issue in its permissibility.

However, if it is known that its origin is from a dead animal (maytah) or from an animal whose consumption is forbidden: If its processing transformed it into another substance, then its use is permissible. If it has not been transformed, it remains forbidden for use based on its original state.

As for whether its state or source is unknown: It is apparent that it is permissible due to widespread affliction (umum al-balwa), the unknown origin, and the prevalence of processing manufactured materials.

Accordingly, there is no harm in using capsules and their contents, whether the gelatin in the capsules or the powder is of unknown source.