What are the classifications of Hadith (Mutawatir, Marfu', Maqtu', Mawquf), and where can one find sources for the science of Hadith terminology?

The mutawatir hadith is one narrated by a group whose agreement upon a lie is inconceivable, and they attributed it to a tangible source. It is of two types: mutawatir in wording and meaning, and mutawatir in meaning.

News (khabar), in terms of its attribution, is divided into three categories: 1. Al-Marfu‘ (elevated): What is attributed to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. It is divided into: Al-Marfu‘ Sarihan (explicitly elevated): What is attributed to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, himself, whether it be a saying, an action, an approval, or a description of his character or physical appearance. Al-Marfu‘ Hukman (judicially elevated): What carries the ruling of being attributed to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, such as a Companion reporting about unseen matters, or saying "It is from the Sunnah to do so-and-so," or "We used to do so-and-so during the time of the Prophet." 2. Al-Mawquf (stopped): What is attributed to a Companion and does not have the ruling of elevation (raf‘). 3. Al-Maqtu‘ (severed): What is attributed to a Tabi‘i (successor) or anyone after him.