What is the ruling on saying: "May your Lord make you happy (يسعد ربك)," "May your Lord keep you safe (يسلم لي ربك)," and "Oh Muhammad (يا محمد)" when astonished, and "Oh God, what are you doing (يا الله ماذا تفعل)" to address a person? And what should we do given the widespread use of these phrases?

It is permissible to supplicate for a person, asking for happiness and safety, such as saying: "O Allah, I ask You for success in judgment, the abode of martyrs, and the life of the blessed," and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Ghifar, may Allah forgive them, and Aslam, may Allah grant them safety."

However, it is not permissible to supplicate to Allah for happiness and safety, because Allah is As-Salam (the Source of Peace) and does not need anyone to supplicate for Him in this regard; rather, He is the source of all peace and mercy. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade saying "Peace be upon Allah" and said: "Indeed, Allah is As-Salam."

As for the phrase "Ya Muhammad" when expressing astonishment, its ruling has been clarified in previous fatwas. As for saying "Ya Allah, what are you doing?" it is permissible if the person is seeking Allah's help and then addresses the person in front of them. However, if the address is continuous and not intended as a plea for help, it is not permissible to address a person with "Ya Allah."

A Muslim must be careful with their words, ensuring they are Islamically sound, and guard their tongue except for good, for every word will be accounted for.