What is the meaning of the Hadith: "May Allah curse whoever changes the landmarks of the earth"? And does the curse include removing mountains or hills for urban expansion or land reclamation?

This Hadith was narrated by Muslim from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in four phrases, among which is: “May Allah curse whoever alters the landmarks of the earth.” The meaning of “landmarks of the earth” refers to the signs that distinguish and define properties. If they are altered, properties become confused, and the one who alters them intends to encroach upon his neighbor’s land. Its meaning has also been extended to include the signs that guide people on roads; it is not permissible for anyone to alter them. Accordingly, merely removing mountains or hills is not included in altering the landmarks of the earth for which a warning has been issued, unless it results in altering the boundaries of people’s properties or the road signs that guide travelers.