Why did Allah Almighty name Satan "Iblis," and what is his real name?

Iblis is the father of the Jinn, and anyone who rebels against the obedience of his Lord is called a Shaytan (devil), whether from the Jinn or from mankind. The name "Iblis" is derived from despairing of good, regret, and sorrow. He was named so because he despaired of God's mercy. His name before his disobedience was "Azazil" in Syriac and "Al-Harith" in Arabic.