Is zakat obligatory on an amount of 20,0 Egyptian pounds and some gold saved for marriage, and is it necessary to pay it for past years or only for the current year?

Zakat is obligatory on money saved for marriage. If the mother takes money from it as a loan, this does not interrupt the hawl (one-year period for Zakat calculation). The obligation of Zakat does not cease with the passage of time; rather, all delayed Zakat payments must be made. As for gold intended for adornment, there is no Zakat on it according to the prevalent juristic opinion, though paying Zakat on it is more cautious. If the gold is intended for savings, it is combined with banknotes to determine if the nisab (minimum threshold for Zakat) has been reached.