What are the things that alter destiny and Allah's decree?

Nothing changes the fixed decree in the Preserved Tablet, based on the Almighty's saying: ﴿No disaster strikes upon the earth or among yourselves except that it is in a register before We bring it into being﴾, and the Prophet's saying, peace be upon him: "The pens have been lifted and the pages have dried." There are two types of writing: what is in the Preserved Tablet, which is fixed, and what is in the hands of the angels, which changes. This explains the increase in lifespan and provision through maintaining ties of kinship, and the repelling of divine decree through supplication. All of this is written in Allah's knowledge in the Preserved Tablet. Sheikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah explained provision as being of two types: what Allah knows He will provide (fixed), and what He has written and informed the angels about (increases and decreases according to causes). And Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, supplicated: "O Allah, if You have written me as wretched, then erase me and write me as fortunate, for You erase what You wish and You affirm."