What is the ruling on using robots in the medical field, such as performing operations?

The word "robot" means a servant or slave. It is a self-operating electromechanical machine that is programmable and possesses artificial intelligence. The default ruling for the use of robots in medicine is permissibility and lawfulness as long as the purpose is permissible, based on the Almighty's saying: "It is He who created for you all that is in the earth." It is forbidden to manufacture a robot if it is in the form of a complete human, animal, or bird, or any other animate being, due to the hadiths that prohibit image-making. However, if it is designed in a form other than animate beings, or its design is incomplete such that it is not considered a human, or its facial features are not apparent, then it is permissible. If a robot makes a mistake during a medical operation, the liability falls upon the one who caused it, who used the robot and directed it to perform the operation, because a robot cannot be held liable.