Is it permissible for a fasting person in Ramadan to go to prayer after eating three dates immediately upon hearing the Adhan, and does the ruling differ between fasting and breaking the fast?

It is disliked to pray when food that the worshipper desires is present, because this leads to preoccupation of the heart and incomplete devotion (khushu'). However, if one does not desire the food and their heart is not attached to it, then it is not disliked to pray in this situation, as the reason for the prohibition is absent. Based on this, if you do not desire food at the time of the call to prayer, then you may go to pray, and there is no dislike in that.