What is the ruling on intentionally breaking the fast before the Adhan of Maghrib and drinking after the Adhan of Fajr, and delaying the Fajr prayer by 38 minutes after the Adhan despite the possibility of hearing the Adhan and the proximity of the mosque, given that a group believes their actions are correct?

The determinant for a fasting person's breaking of the fast (iftar) is the verification of sunset or a strong presumption thereof. As for the time to abstain from things that invalidate the fast, it is the rising of true dawn with certainty or a strong presumption. Hearing the adhan (call to prayer) is not a condition. If the muezzin calls the adhan for sunset, it is not permissible to break the fast before it. If he delays the adhan, it is permissible for one who is certain or presumes that the sun has set to break the fast. The same applies to Fajr; if the muezzin calls the adhan for the rising of dawn, it is not permissible to drink. If he calls the adhan early, there is no harm in drinking as long as dawn has not yet risen. Delaying the Fajr prayer by 38 minutes after its time has begun is permissible, as long as it does not take it out of its preferred time. The congregation's absence from the mosque despite hearing the adhan is sufficient [in terms of fulfilling the obligation], but they miss out on much good. If there is a group that encourages breaking the fast before sunset or consuming things that invalidate the fast after dawn, and they are absent from congregational prayers, they should be advised gently, and their matter should be reported to people of knowledge. However, if they are breaking their fast after sunset and the muezzin is delaying the adhan, then they are in the right.