What is terrorism from the Muslim and Western perspectives, and how do we respond to them when there is a disagreement?

"Terrorism" (Al-Irhab) linguistically means intimidation, and it can be blameworthy or praiseworthy. Blameworthy terrorism is the intimidation of those who do not deserve to be intimidated, whether Muslims or non-Muslims whose lives are sacrosanct. Islam has forbidden frightening a Muslim, even in jest. As for praiseworthy terrorism, it is the intimidation of the enemy in preparation for repelling their aggression, and it is an obligation upon Muslims. Allah Almighty says: (And prepare against them whatever you are able of power and of steeds of war by which you may terrify the enemy of Allah and your enemy). Colonial powers labeled Islam with the term "terrorism" to tarnish its image, while they themselves practice terrorism. The Islamic Fiqh Council defined terrorism as "aggression practiced by individuals, groups, or states, transgressing against humanity," emphasizing that terrorism is a global phenomenon that cannot be attributed to a specific religion.