What is the ruling on submitting a paper for the literacy of four individuals, with the student knowing that this has not been achieved, or allowing them to cheat, in order to receive a graduation certificate?
If receiving her university degree is contingent upon literacy education for four individuals, then she must strive to educate them. If they cheat in the exam without her assistance, she bears no sin. There is no harm in paying them money to accept participation to avoid delaying the receipt of her degree. If that is not possible or entails hardship, there is no harm in submitting the aforementioned paper to avert harm from herself.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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