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Is the repentance of a brigand who struck a person until he lost consciousness and stole his money accepted if he then apologized and returned the money, or must he surrender himself to the victim to receive his just deserts?

1 min readAlso available in العربية

Highway robbery, also known as cutting off the road, is an act of defiance, relying on force and being far from aid, with the intent to take money, kill, or terrorize. It differs from theft in that theft involves taking money secretly. The punishment for a highway robber is one of the Hadd punishments ordained by Allah, which does not lapse except through repentance before they are apprehended, as Allah Almighty says: (Indeed, the recompense of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and strive upon earth [to cause] corruption is none but that they be killed or crucified or that their hands and feet be cut off from opposite sides or that they be exiled from the land. That is for them a disgrace in this world; and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment Except for those who repent before you apprehend them. And know that Allah is Forgiving and Merciful). The rights of Allah are waived by repentance before they are apprehended, but the rights of human beings are not waived by repentance. Thus, they must compensate for the money they took and retribution is exacted from them if they killed, and it is not waived except by the forgiveness of the rightful claimant. The conditions for sound repentance are: abstaining from the sin, regretting what has passed, and resolving not to return to it. If the repentance is for injustices against people concerning money, honor, or life, a fourth condition is added: seeking their permission and being absolved by them or giving them their right. If he is not absolved, he must enable the wronged person to exact retribution from him or to forgive him.

Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026

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