What is the ruling on performing non-emergency surgical operations during the daytime in Ramadan, and upon whom falls the burden of performing them? What is the ruling if the patient insists on it, and is it permissible for the doctor to perform them for him in this case?

We have previously clarified the impermissibility of performing a surgical operation in Ramadan that necessitates breaking the fast, unless there is a necessity for performing it. Its necessity is determined by a reliable medical report. If it is performed without necessity, sin falls upon the one who performed it and the one for whom it was performed by their choice. It is not permissible for the surgeon to perform it if it is not necessary, even if the patient insists. This applies if the illness does not permit breaking the fast. However, if the illness permits it, or another reason exists, such as travel, then performing it is permissible.