Does the verse "So He caused hypocrisy to follow as a consequence..." mean that there is no repentance or forgiveness for those who are characterized by the attributes of hypocrites due to not fulfilling a vow made in childhood, and repeatedly committing sins without feeling remorse?

A vow made before puberty does not necessitate fulfillment, based on the hadith: "The pen has been lifted from three: from the sleeper until he awakens, from the insane person until he regains his sanity, and from the child until he reaches puberty." However, it is recommended to fulfill it. As for what you pledged to Allah after puberty by way of commitment, it is considered a vow that must be fulfilled. Allah condemned those who break their promises and praised those who fulfill their covenants. Repentance for this is accepted if it is sincere and meets the conditions.