What is the ruling on Jumu'ah prayer performed approximately one hour before its appointed time, and what is the ruling on the prayers performed by the questioner in this manner?
The majority of jurists are of the opinion that the Friday prayer is not valid unless it is performed after Zawwal (the sun's declination from its meridian), while the Hanbalis hold that it is permissible before it. It is preferable to perform it after Zawwal to avoid disagreement and out of consideration for the Prophet's (peace be upon him) practice. However, it is permissible to perform it about an hour before Zawwal, especially in cases of excuse or necessity. As for holding two Friday prayers in one mosque, it is not permissible except for a legitimate excuse, such as the mosque being too small or the distance being too far. In such a case, another place should be sought to hold the second Friday prayer.
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