When should disbelievers be prayed for guidance, and when should they be prayed against for destruction? And is there a rule for the difference in the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) treatment of them?

It is permissible to supplicate against the enemies of Allah who wage war against Allah and His Messenger for their destruction, if they persist in their disbelief and obstinacy, and there is no hope for their guidance, or if their persecution of believers continues. This is based on the Quran and Sunnah, similar to the supplications of Moses, Noah, and other prophets (peace be upon them), and the supplication of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) against the Confederates and Quraish, and the supplication of Khubaib ibn Adi against the polytheists. This also includes supplicating against disbelievers for illnesses and diseases. It is likewise permissible to supplicate for their guidance.