Did everyone on Earth drown—except for those who were with Noah in the Ark—when Allah sent the Flood, and are all people on Earth now descendants of those who were in the Ark?

The Holy Quran indicates that the Flood drowned everyone on Earth, and only those whom Noah (peace be upon him) carried in the ark were saved. The Earth was then repopulated solely by the descendants of Noah (peace be upon him), so all people on Earth now are from his progeny. As for the believers who were saved with him in the ark, they did not have any surviving descendants.

Allah (the Most High) says: "So We saved him and those with him in the laden ship. Then We drowned after that the remaining ones." (Ash-Shu'ara/119-120). And Allah (the Most High) says: "And We made his progeny the sole survivors." (As-Saffat/77). All people on the face of the Earth today, from the Children of Adam, are traced back to Noah's three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. As for the verses that speak about the descendants of those who were carried with Noah, what is meant is the progeny of Noah (peace be upon him) whose lineage continued, not the lineage of the rest of the believers.