What is the ruling on one who, out of forgetfulness, cut a branch from a tree in Makkah during the month of Dhul-Hijjah, and what is the ruling on one who entered Makkah intending Hajj without being in a state of Ihram?

You are liable for the value of the نقص from the tree from which you cut the branch. Trustworthy experts will estimate the extent of the نقص, and you must pay what is due to the poor of the Haram if an estimation is not possible. Whoever passes the Miqat for Hajj without consecrating ihram must return to the Miqat to consecrate ihram from there. If he consecrates ihram without reaching the Miqat, he must offer a sacrifice (dam), even though his Hajj is valid, and he incurs sin for not returning without a valid excuse.