What are the most prominent events of the Battle of the Camel, and was the wife of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, taken captive after his death in that battle?

Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) was not taken captive in the Battle of the Camel. One of the criticisms the Kharijites leveled against Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was that he fought but did not take captives or spoils of war.