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The question

What are the three stages of entering Islam, and what is the evidence for them; what are the conditions for uttering the two Shahadas, and what are the acceptable indicators that point to one's embracing Islam?

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Source: FtawySummarized from the full answer at Ftawy · imported Sep 2, 20262 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

The website did not establish that entering Islam occurs in three stages: immunity from killing ( عصمة الدم), then the establishment of the contract of Islam, and finally the continuity of the contract.

Ibn Hajar stated: "It is forbidden to kill one who says 'There is no god but Allah,' even if he adds nothing more to it. However, he does not become a Muslim by merely saying that. Rather, his killing is withheld until he is tested. If he testifies to the prophethood and commits to the rulings of Islam, his Islam is judged. Al-Baghawi mentioned that if a polytheistic disbeliever says 'There is no god but Allah,' his Islam is judged, and he is compelled to accept the rulings of Islam. As for one who affirms monotheism but denies prophethood, his Islam is not judged until he says 'Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.' And if he believes that the Prophethood of Muhammad is exclusive to Arabs, then he must say 'to all creation.'"

Scholars have differed on whether the testimony alone suffices for entering Islam or if both testimonies are necessary. Al-Nawawi stated: "The Sunnis agreed that the believer who is judged to be among the People of the Qibla is one who believes in the religion of Islam with a firm conviction in his heart and articulates the two testimonies. It is not required with them to say: 'I am disassociated from every religion that contravenes Islam,' unless he is among the disbelievers who believe that the message of our Prophet (peace be upon him) is exclusive to Arabs, in which case his Islam is not judged unless he disavows this belief. It is well-known in our madhhab and the madhahib of scholars that one who limits himself to saying 'There is no god but Allah' and does not say 'Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah' is not a Muslim."

The correct view is that it is not a condition for articulating the two testimonies that they be in the Arabic language, even if one is proficient in Arabic.

Among the ways to judge a person's Islam are: explicit declaration (uttering the two testimonies), affiliation (such as the minor child of a disbeliever if his father embraces Islam), and indication (performing an action that signifies Islam). So, if a disbeliever performs an act of worship specific to Islam, such as tayammum (dry ablution), congregational prayer, Hajj, adhan (call to prayer), or reciting the Quran, he becomes a Muslim. Many scholars judge a person's Islam by their prayer, if their articulation of the two testimonies is not known. As for hijab, there is no text indicating that it is an act by which one's Islam is judged upon its performance.

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Source platform
Ftawy
Original fatwa ID
156038
Imported
Translation status
Source text, unreviewed
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