What is the ruling on pleasure and penile-vaginal penetration without ejaculation, if this recurs during the daytime in Ramadan unknowingly? And what is the ruling on prayer if blood resembling menstrual blood is discharged intermittently after a uterine ultrasound?

Penetration of the glans into the vagina during the daytime in Ramadan invalidates the fast and necessitates both qada' (making up the fast) and kaffara (expiation). Anything less than that does not entail any consequences. Kaffara is not obligatory for someone ignorant of its prohibition, according to the preponderant opinion, but it is obligatory for someone ignorant of the punishment.

The kaffara is freeing a believing slave. If that is not possible, then fasting two consecutive months. If one is unable to do that, then feeding sixty poor people. There is a difference of opinion regarding the obligation of kaffara upon women.

The blood in question is considered hayd (menstruation) if it occurs within a timeframe suitable for hayd (a minimum of one day and one night, and not exceeding 15 days), and if there is a gap of 13 days or more between it and the previous bleeding.