Does "its [fixed] station" in the Almighty's saying: "And the sun runs to its [fixed] station" mean what Ibn Abbas said regarding the Almighty's saying: "The sun and the moon [run] on a [fixed] course," that they are stations and calculations which they do not transgress?

The scholars have not stated that the sun stops. The closest statement regarding this was made by Al-Biqa'i in "Nazm al-Durar," that the sun runs to its destined course, which is its continuous, predetermined motion from which it does not deviate. This is supported by the reading "لا مستقر لها" (it has no fixed abode), which is narrated from Ibn Abbas and others. The interpretation of this reading is that the sun runs day and night without stopping. This interpretation is reinforced by the latter part of the verse: "That is the decree of the Almighty, the All-Knowing," which indicates the precision of its motion and its determination.