What are the conditions for a woman's travel that necessitate the presence of a mahram? Does this include any departure from the home regardless of distance, or is it linked to the distance for shortening prayers? How is the travel distance calculated in large cities that are continuously built up? And is a woman's going out to visit relatives or friends without a mahram considered an act of drawing closer to Allah?

A mahram (definition) (unmarriageable kin) is only required for travel. The criterion for travel, according to the majority of scholars, is a distance of approximately 83 km after leaving inhabited areas, with the intention of covering this distance. A woman's movement within Cairo for work, even if it covers a travel distance, is not considered "travel" because it is movement within the country to fulfill needs, and thus a mahram is not required. However, a woman must be careful to avoid crowding with men, mixing with them, shaking their hands, and sitting next to them in transportation, unless absolutely necessary and with a barrier.