Will a person who drinks alcohol—after it has been prescribed by a doctor for the treatment of kidney stones—be held accountable for his action?

It is not permissible to drink alcohol for medicinal purposes, because it is an "ailment" and not a cure. Modern medicine acknowledges its harm, and its consumption may negatively affect another part of the body. There are permissible medications for treating kidney ailments. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "O servants of Allah, seek medical treatment, but do not seek treatment with that which is unlawful, for indeed, Allah has not placed the cure for my nation in that which He has forbidden to them."