What are the rulings and detailed descriptions of Hajj and Umrah, and what are the beneficial books regarding them?

The scope of this answer does not allow for a detailed explanation of the description of Hajj and Umrah. For that, one can refer to books of Fiqh and previous fatwas. Among the useful books in this regard are: "Al-Hajj wal-Umrah wal-Ziyarah ‘ala Daw’ al-Kitab wal-Sunnah" (Hajj, Umrah, and Visitation in Light of the Book and Sunnah) by Sheikh Ibn Baz, and "Al-Manhaj li Murid al-Umrah wal-Hajj" (The Methodology for One Who Intends Umrah and Hajj) by Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen.