Did the people of Moses disbelieve when they took the calf?

The Jews who worshipped the calf committed an act of disbelief that expelled them from the fold of faith, as stated in His — the Almighty’s — saying: "Indeed, those who took the calf [for worship] will attain wrath from their Lord and humiliation in the life of this world. And thus do We recompense those who invent [lies]." As for those among them who regretted and repented, Allah accepted their repentance, as in His — the Almighty’s — saying: "And when regret overcame them and they saw that they had erred, they said, 'If our Lord does not have mercy upon us and forgive us, we will surely be among the losers.'" They also committed other acts of disbelief after that, including their breaking of the covenant, their disbelief in Allah's signs, their killing of the prophets, and their uttering a monstrous slander against Mary.