Do the two verses mean that Allah gave all of humankind the choice to bear the trust before they were tasked in this worldly life, and that the covenant Allah took from us was in eternity and we do not remember it?

Allah took the covenant from the Children of Adam regarding monotheism when He brought them forth from Adam's loins. This covenant is ingrained in human nature. Allah did not punish anyone based solely on this covenant; rather, He sent messengers and revealed scriptures, for "We will not punish until We have sent a messenger" (Qur'an 17:15). As for the verse, "Indeed, We offered the Trust..." (Qur'an 33:72), it does not carry the same meaning as the covenant verse. The human who bore the Trust was Adam, peace be upon him, and the Almighty's statement, "Indeed, he was unjust and ignorant," refers to the term "human" in a general sense.