What is the ruling on an endowment fund affiliated with a large institution providing loans to employees, from which 5% of the value is deducted as a "stamp fee," regardless of the repayment period?

The question encompassed several matters related to establishing a savings fund for lending to participants:

Firstly: The ruling on establishing the savings fund: If what the participants contributed was a donation to the fund, there is no harm in it, and it is an act of charity. If what the participants contributed was a loan to the fund, which is the issue of "lend me and I will lend you," scholars have differed on it: the Hanbalis prohibited it, the Malikis disliked it, and the Hanafis forbade conditions in loans. The fatwa on Islamweb permits it.

Secondly: The variation in the debt ratio and repayment period according to the employee's grade: If what employees contribute varies according to their job grades, in proportion to the loan they receive, there is no harm in it. If what employees contribute is equal but what they receive is unequal, there is no harm in that if the rest of the participants agree to it.

Thirdly: The percentage the fund takes and calls a "stamp fee": This percentage is impermissible because it falls under the rule of "every loan that draws a benefit is usury." It is permissible to take administrative costs, provided that it is a fixed fee, not a percentage that varies with the amount of the debt, and that it is only for the administrative needs.