Which Surahs is it recommended for disbelievers in general, and the People of the Book in particular, to recite when invited to Islam?

There is no specific set of surahs designated for disbelievers. However, one should begin with what pertains to the Oneness of Allah (Tawhid (definition)), such as Surat Al-Ikhlas (definition), because Tawhid is the foundation of the messengers' call, as stated in His saying, the Exalted: "And We did not send before you any messenger except that We revealed to him: 'There is no deity except Me, so worship Me.'" And Allah commanded His Messenger to call the People of the Book to Tawhid, as in His saying: "Say, 'O People of the Scripture, come to a word that is equitable between us and you — that we will not worship except Allah and not associate anything with Him and not take one another as lords instead of Allah.' But if they turn away, then say, 'Bear witness that we are Muslims.'" One should also present the verses that speak about the wisdom of creation, such as His saying, the Exalted: "And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me," and His saying: "He who created death and life to test you — which of you is best in action." Likewise, the verses that show Allah's power and warn the disbelievers, such as in Surat Fussilat, which influenced Utbah ibn Rabi'ah. They should also be informed about the correct belief regarding Christ in surahs like Al Imran, An-Nisa, and Maryam. Indeed, the entire Quran is a call and guidance, and a Muslim must use it for da'wah (invitation to Islam).