Is it permissible to take a loan from a company that grants interest-free loans, given that there is a clause in the contract stipulating an annual deduction for insurance (to cover death, disability, and potential bankruptcy), knowing that this clause is not enforced in reality and the company considers it a formality?

There is no objection to taking a benevolent loan (Qard Hasan) from the company if it does not involve the payment of unlawful usurious interest. This is not affected by the condition of insuring the debt by deducting a small amount, because debt insurance is among the permissible guarantees. It is only prohibited if it is a forbidden commercial insurance. The fact that the mentioned condition is nominal and not activated does not affect the transaction.