What is the legal/Shar'i term for: 1. Giving money to the needy to draw closer to Allah? 2. Giving money to a beloved person to draw closer to him/her? 3. Transferring ownership without compensation during one's lifetime?

Giving something to a needy person as an act of drawing closer to Allah is charity (ṣadaqa). However, giving it as an expression of affection and endearment is a gift (hiba or hadiyya), which is commendable. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, would eat from a gift but not from charity. Both involve transferring ownership without compensation. If the transfer is conditional, such as the usufruct of a house or a car for the lifetime of the recipient, it is called a life grant (umrā). The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The life grant belongs to the one to whom it is given." The ownership of charity, gifts, and life grants is transferred during the lifetime of the giver. As for what ownership is contingent upon the death of the giver, it is called a will (waṣiyya).