What is the ruling regarding the four Ramadans that the wife missed due to pregnancy and breastfeeding, and then the fifth Ramadan that she missed due to cancer and treatment? Is she required to make up the fasts (qada’) along with expiation (kaffara), or qada’ only, or kaffara only? Knowing that she has fed the poor for the first four Ramadans but did not make them up. And is it permissible for the husband to fast on her behalf, or is that restricted to the deceased only?

There is no blame upon a woman who breaks her fast due to pregnancy, breastfeeding, or illness, and she must make up the days she missed. If she broke her fast fearing only for herself, she must make up the days without expiation. If she broke her fast fearing only for her child, she must make up the days and feed one poor person for each day.

If she was able to make up the fasts but did not do so until another Ramadan (definition) began: - If she was ignorant of the impermissibility of delaying, she must only make up the fasts without expiation for the delay. - If she was aware of the impermissibility of delaying, she must pay expiation for each day she makes up. It is permissible to pay the expiation before making up the fasts, concurrently with them, or after them.

For the days for which expiation was paid but the fasts were not made up, she is only required to make up the fasts and does not need to repeat the expiation. It is not permissible for anyone to fast on her behalf while she is alive, by scholarly consensus.