How can one differentiate between tribulation and punishment when experiencing depression and psychological distress?

You should occupy yourself with reflecting upon God's blessings upon you, turn away from people's talk and sayings, and do not listen to those who convey it to you. Increase your remembrance of Allah Almighty, for by it hearts find tranquility. Choose good company from virtuous and pious sisters, for that will help you in obedience and in rejoicing in God's blessings. It is not possible to definitively state whether what you are experiencing is a punishment or a trial, but punishment in itself is a trial.