Is it permissible for a 47-year-old Thayyib (previously married woman) to marry without a Wali (guardian), especially since she lives alone in Morocco and her Wali refuses her marriage to someone from outside her country?

For a marriage to be valid, the presence of a wali (guardian) is a prerequisite, and this is the most preponderant opinion. If a woman has no wali, or if her wali refuses to marry her off without a valid شرعي (Shar'i) reason, then the ruler (sultan) is the wali of whoever has no wali. A woman can refer her case to the شرعي (Shar'i) judge, who can then perform her marriage. The difference between a virgin (bikr) and a non-virgin (thayyib) is that the thayyib must speak her consent when asked for permission, whereas for a virgin, her silence is sufficient proof of her consent.