Did the prophets have knowledge of one another, and did Adam and the prophets know about Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, before his advent?

Adam, peace be upon him, was aware of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, as well as all the prophets from his progeny. This is understood from the interpretation of the Salaf (pious predecessors) regarding Allah's statement: "And He taught Adam all the names." Ibn Jarir specifically identified the names as those of the Children of Adam and the angels. It is authentically reported from the Prophet, peace be upon him, that Adam was aware of his son David, peace be upon him, through his vision of his progeny.

As for the prophets' knowledge of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, this is indicated by Allah's statement: "And [recall, O People of the Scripture], when Allah took the covenant of the prophets, [saying], 'Whatever I give you of a Scripture and wisdom, and then there comes to you a messenger confirming what is with you, you must believe in him and support him.'" Ali and Ibn Abbas interpreted this to mean that Allah took a covenant from every prophet to believe in Muhammad, peace be upon him, and to support him if he were sent during their lifetime, for he is the Seal of the Prophets and their Greatest Imam.

Regarding the Prophet Muhammad's knowledge of all the prophets, Allah Almighty said: "And We have already sent messengers before you; among them are those We have related [their stories] to you, and among them are those We have not related to you." This indicates his knowledge of some of them but not all. However, the Prophet's meeting with them and leading them in prayer as an Imam during the Night Journey (Isra and Mi'raj) in Jerusalem could be evidence of his seeing and knowing all of them.