Is it permissible for Muslim students to reside in the lands of the disbelievers, and what are the proofs for the permissibility of residing there and the proofs for its prohibition?

The evidence indicating the prohibition of residing among polytheists and the obligation to emigrate from a land of disbelief (Dar al-Kufr) to a land of Islam (Dar al-Islam) is general, not specific to the time of the Prophet, peace be upon him. It includes everyone who resides among polytheists and is unable to practice the rituals of his religion or fears for his religion. Emigration does not cease until repentance ceases. The Hadith "There is no emigration after the Conquest" means there is no obligatory emigration from Mecca after it became a land of Islam. Emigration becomes obligatory for whoever cannot outwardly practice his religion or perform his duties in a land of disbelief, and it is recommended for whoever can do so, in order to increase the number of Muslims and to strive against disbelievers. It is permissible for the incapacitated, and whoever endures and leaves it will be rewarded.