What necessitates ghusl?

The causes necessitating ghusl (ritual bath) are:

1. Emission of semen with desire and gushing forth while awake: This is based on the Almighty's saying: "And if you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves," and the Prophet's (PBUH) saying: "If you gush forth water, then perform ghusl."

2. Emission of semen in a dream (nocturnal emission): Whether with or without desire, based on the hadith of Umm Salamah that Umm Sulaim asked: "O Messenger of Allah, indeed Allah is not shy of the truth, so does a woman need to perform ghusl if she has a wet dream? He said: Yes, if she sees water."

3. Confluence of the two circumcised parts: By the insertion of the tip of the penis into the vagina, even if ejaculation does not occur, based on the Prophet's (PBUH) saying: "When one sits between her four branches and then exerts himself, ghusl becomes obligatory, whether he ejaculates or not."

4. Cessation of menstruation and post-natal bleeding (nifas): Based on the Prophet's (PBUH) saying to Fatimah bint Abi Hubaish: "When the menses approaches, abandon prayer, and when it ceases, perform ghusl and pray."

5. Death: Based on the Prophet's (PBUH) saying: "Wash him with water and lotus leaves," with the exception of a martyr, who is not washed.

6. Conversion of a disbeliever to Islam: This is obligatory according to the Hanbalis and Malikis, based on the hadith of Qais ibn Asim: "He embraced Islam, and the Prophet (PBUH) commanded him to perform ghusl with water and lotus leaves."

The ghusl for Friday prayer is obligatory according to some scholars, such as the Hanbalis, based on the Prophet's (PBUH) saying: "Ghusl on Friday is obligatory for every adult." However, the majority view it as recommended, which is the more prevalent opinion.