How can one make up the Friday prayer for one who missed part of it, whether the sermon, the first raka'ah, or both raka'ahs, and only caught the tashahhud?

Those who hear the call for Jumu'ah (Friday prayer) and are obligated to attend must hasten to it, in compliance with the words of Allah Almighty: "O you who have believed, when [the adhan is called] for the prayer on the day of Jumu’ah, then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade."

If the sermon or part of it is missed, or if part of the prayer is missed, it is still counted as Jumu'ah, unless what the worshipper caught was less than one rak'ah, in which case it should be completed as Dhuhr (noon prayer). Whoever catches the Imam in the first or second rak'ah has caught Jumu'ah and completes the prayer thereafter.

However, whoever catches the Imam after he rises from the bowing of the second rak'ah has not caught Jumu'ah and should complete it as Dhuhr. This is the view of the majority of scholars and is in agreement with the evidence, such as the hadith: "Whoever catches one rak'ah of the prayer has caught the prayer," and "Whoever catches one rak'ah of Jumu'ah should pray another with it." Some of the Tabi'un (successors) and the Hanafis differed on this, holding the view that Jumu'ah is caught by catching the Imam before the taslim (salutation of peace).