How can someone who missed the sermon catch up with the Jumuʿah prayer by a single rakaʿah, knowing that the sermon is a condition for the prayer's validity? And are the rulings for Jumuʿah prayer the same as those for other prayers?

The majority of scholars, including the Imams of the four madhhabs, have agreed that the Friday sermon (khutbah) is obligatory and a condition for the validity of the Friday prayer. They based their argument on the words of Allah the Almighty: "O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumuʿah, then proceed to the remembrance of Allah" [Quran 62:9]. They all agreed that "remembrance of Allah" here encompasses both the sermon and the prayer.

The Friday prayer is distinguished from other prayers by specific rulings, including: 1. The obligation of the sermon before it. 2. The requirement of a congregation for its validity; the Friday prayer is not valid if performed individually. 3. It is not obligatory for women, slaves, children, or the sick. 4. Residence is a prerequisite for its establishment; it is not obligatory for travelers. 5. It is sunnah to perform ghusl (ritual bath) before attending it. 6. It is sunnah for the Imam to recite aloud during it.