Is it a Dhuhr prayer or a Jumu'ah prayer that one who missed the Jumu'ah prayer should pray, and does the ruling differ between men and women, slaves and travelers? And what is the opinion of Sheikh Al-Albani on this?

Whoever misses the Friday prayer, whether due to a legitimate excuse or without one, or whoever is not obligated to attend it, such as women, travelers, and desert dwellers, should pray it as Dhuhr, four rak'ahs. This is the view of the majority of scholars, and it is supported by the Prophet's (peace be upon him) action during the Farewell Pilgrimage when he prayed Dhuhr on Friday in Arafat, and by the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him): "Whoever misses the two rak'ahs, let him pray four." It is also supported by the hadith of Abu Hurayrah: "Whoever catches one rak'ah of Jumu'ah has caught Jumu'ah."

So, the original prayer for Friday for those who do not pray Jumu'ah is the Dhuhr prayer, and Jumu'ah is a substitute for it. Scholars have unanimously agreed that Jumu'ah is not obligatory for women, and that they pray Dhuhr as four rak'ahs, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Friday prayer is a duty incumbent upon every Muslim in congregation, except for four: a slave, or a woman, or a child, or a sick person."