What is the ruling on praying Dhuhr in congregation for those who missed the Jumu'ah prayer?
If a person misses the Friday prayer or has a valid excuse, it is agreed upon that he should pray Dhuhr instead. In the Hanbali madhhab, congregational prayer is disliked in the mosque where the Friday prayer was held, unless there is assurance that it will not be seen as an attempt to supersede the Imam. The Malikis, on the other hand, consider it disliked for one who missed Friday prayer without a valid excuse to pray in congregation, and it is recommended for one with an excuse to conceal their prayer. As for the Shafi'is and Hanafis, they dislike congregational prayer for those with excuses on Friday within cities, fearing that others might follow their example and undermine the Friday prayer, and it is recommended to conceal their prayer if the excuse is not obvious.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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