What are the ten qualities of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and what is their evidence?

We do not know what you mean by the "ten qualities," but if you are referring to the characteristics with which Allah honored His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, they are more than ten. Many books have been written on this topic, including: "Bidayat al-Sul" by Al-'Izz ibn 'Abd al-Salam, "Ghayat al-Sul" by Ibn al-Mulaqqin, and "Kifayat al-Labib fi Khasa'is al-Habib" (also known as "Al-Khasa'is al-Kubra") by Al-Suyuti. Among contemporary books is: "Khasa'is Sayyid al-'Alamin wa ma lahu min al-Manaqib al-'Aja'ib 'ala Jami' al-Anbiya' 'alayhim al-Salam" by Jamal al-Din al-Surramari.