What is the difference between Ahl al-Sunnah, the Murji'ah, the Mu'tazilah, the Ash'ariyyah, and the Maturidiyyah?

The Mu'tazilah differ from the Ahl al-Sunnah (Sunnis) in several theological aspects, and they were named as such because Wasil ibn Ata' separated himself from the study circle of Hasan al-Basri.

The Mu'tazili creed revolves around five principles:

1. Tawhid (Monotheism): They deny God's attributes, assert that the Qur'an is created, and deny the believers' vision of their Lord. 2. Al-Adl (Justice): They believe that servants create their own actions and that God does not create them, and that God does not desire corruption. They did not differentiate between the universal will and the legislative will. 3. Al-Wa'd wal-Wa'id (Promise and Threat): They hold that the perpetrator of a major sin will not be forgiven, and they deny intercession for those who commit major sins. 4. Al-Manzilah Bayna al-Manzilatayn (An Intermediate Position): They consider the perpetrator of a major sin to be neither a believer nor a disbeliever in this world, and eternally in Hell if they do not repent. 5. Al-Amr bil Ma'ruf wan Nahy an al-Munkar (Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil): They obligate rebellion against a ruler if he deviates from the truth, even if it is not blatant disbelief.

The Mu'tazilah rely on reason and prioritize it over transmitted texts, while the Ahl al-Sunnah believe in the compatibility of revelation and reason, and prioritize transmitted texts when there appears to be a contradiction. The Ahl al-Sunnah have countered attempts to revive Mu'tazili thought under modern guises.