Is a girl's air travel for a short distance (two hours) without a mahram considered an act of disobedience, and is her refusal to attend considered an act of disrespect towards parents?

The prohibition of a woman traveling without a mahram (unmarriageable kin) came in an absolute sense, without specifying a duration. The variations in the wording of the hadith regarding the duration or distance were due to the questioners having specified them. Consequently, a woman cannot travel without a mahram for the mentioned distance. A daughter's refusal to travel without a mahram is not an act of disobedience (uquq), because obedience to Allah takes precedence over obedience to a father. "There is no obedience to a creature in disobedience to the Creator; obedience is only in what is good and permissible."