What was the guidance of the Prophet, may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him, concerning the Jews?

In summary, his ﷺ guidance concerning interaction with the Jews was based on several matters, including:

1. Adopting the correct stance regarding Judaism, which is believing in the righteousness of Islam and the invalidity of other religions, and that no religion other than Islam is accepted.

2. His keenness to invite them to Islam and utilizing every possible opportunity for that.

3. Emphasizing that loyalty and brotherhood are exclusively among believers, and the obligation of disavowing disbelief.

4. His recognition of the rights of Jews and Christians, and his rejection of oppressing them or confiscating their rights. This included: the right to life, the right to choose one's religion, the right to ownership, the right to protection and defense, the right to just treatment and redress of grievances, and the right to arbitrate among themselves according to the laws of their own religion.

5. His excellent treatment of them, which included: visiting their sick, accepting their gifts, forgiving their wrongdoers, dealing with them financially, humility in discourse with them, and supplicating for their guidance.

6. His severe punishment of anyone who assaulted Muslims or betrayed covenants, such as Banu Qaynuqa', Banu al-Nadir, Banu Qurayza, and Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf.

Finally, he ordered the expulsion of the polytheists from the Arabian Peninsula due to the treachery and betrayal demonstrated by the Jews.