What is the ruling on Visa or Mastercard credit cards issued by commercial banks in general? And what is the ruling on withdrawing cash from them for a 3% commission? And what is the ruling on withdrawing cash from Visa cards issued by Islamic banks for a flat commission of 3.5 dinars per withdrawal operation?

It is not permissible to deal with commercial banks that are based on usury, except out of dire necessity. As for the ruling on issuing a credit card (Visa), it is permissible if it is free from Sharia prohibitions, such as stipulating a usurious increase upon late payment, because that is explicit usury. The resolution of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy states that:

1. It is not permissible to issue an uncovered credit card or deal with it if it stipulates a usurious interest increase. 2. It is permissible to issue an uncovered card if it does not include conditions for a usurious increase on the principal debt. It is permissible to charge a fixed fee upon issuance or renewal. It is also permissible for the issuing bank to take a commission from the merchant on the customer's purchases, provided that the merchant's sale with the card is at the same price as he sells for cash. 3. Cash withdrawal by the cardholder is not religiously problematic if it does not result in a usurious increase. Fixed fees that are not linked to the loan amount or its duration for this service are not considered as such. 4. It is not permissible to purchase gold, silver, or cash currencies with an uncovered card.