Is it permissible for worshipers to loudly return the greeting of peace, repeat the call to prayer (adhan), send blessings upon the Prophet, seek forgiveness, raise their hands, and say "Ameen" during the Friday sermon, and to speak with or question the Imam?

Returning the salutation to the Imam on Friday is Fard Kifaya (a collective obligation), and it is better for the response to be audible so that the Imam can hear it. Following the muezzin in the Friday adhan is prescribed, and the Imam and congregants respond to the muezzin except during the two "hay'alatayn" (Hayya 'ala as-Salah and Hayya 'ala al-Falah), when they say: "La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah" (There is no might or power except with Allah). It is better for thezing to be done silently, based on the Almighty's saying: "And remember your Lord within yourself, humbly and in fear, and without audible speech" (Quran 7:205), and His saying: "Call upon your Lord humbly and in secret" (Quran 7:55). Raising one's voice in sending blessings upon the Prophet (peace be upon him) during the khutbah (sermon) is not prescribed; rather, it is prescribed to do so silently. Raising the hands in supplication between the two khutbahs, as well as saying "Ameen" to the Imam's supplication silently, is based on the Almighty's saying: "And remember your Lord within yourself, humbly and in fear, and without audible speech" (Quran 7:205), and His saying: "Call upon your Lord humbly and in secret" (Quran 7:55), and so as not to disturb the worshippers. Speaking to the Imam for a beneficial purpose is permissible.