What are the supererogatory (Nawafil) prayers, when and how are they performed, and do they take the place of missed prayers from before committing to prayer?

Nafl (supererogatory prayer), linguistically, refers to any increase. Islamically, it is what is added to the obligatory (fard) prayer. Its virtue is great, and it complements any deficiency in the obligatory prayers. However, it does not suffice for making up missed obligatory prayers. Whoever has missed obligatory prayers must hasten to make them up according to their ability, and continue making them up until they predominantly believe their responsibility has been fulfilled, while also increasing in seeking forgiveness and sincere repentance.