What is the difference between absolute restriction (at-taqyīd al-mutlaq) and general specification (at-takhṣīṣ al-ʿām) in the Sunnah, along with their definitions and examples?
Absolute: That which applies to an unspecified singular entity, such as: "Then [freeing] a slave," and "No marriage except with a guardian."
Restricted: That which applies to a specific entity or one described with an additional characteristic, such as: "Then [freeing] a believing slave," and "So [the penalty is] fasting for two consecutive months."
General: The word that encompasses all that it is suitable for without limitation, such as: "Whoever changes his religion, kill him," and "Men are in charge of women."
Specific: The singular word whose meaning is not suitable for many to share, such as proper nouns. And specifying the general is to restrict it to some of its individuals. An example of this is specifying the "Two dead [animals] and two [types of] blood have been made lawful for us" to the generality of the verse "Forbidden to you are carrion and blood."
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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